Response to Intervention, as a term, suits Tier 2 and Tier 3 perfectly because they focus on intervention systems that close learning gaps. Tier 1, however, is more of a "response to instruction" since it focuses on quality instruction required to prevent the gaps from occurring in the first place. If 80–90 percent of the students' needs are being met using only Tier 1 general education instruction, then you know you have a healthy curriculum and instructional system in place. Successful Tier 1 instruction, then, is defined by few students ever needing more intense interventions.

Unfortunately, there is no one set of magical strategies or programs that creates perfect classroom instruction. A strategy that works beautifully for one teacher may fall flat for another. A highly effective strategy for one student may have no impact on another. Research does verify that some fundamental aspects of instruction, when implemented systematically and with fidelity, make a big difference in student achievement and behavior (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001). This chapter focuses on six research-based strategies that are proven to increase success for general education, gifted, and struggling learners.

Six Areas of Prevention